How does Twitter, with its 241 million users tweeting out 500 million messages daily, shape public opinion?

That question was tackled by a group of researchers in China who investigated how opinions evolve on Twitter by gathering about six million 140-character-or-less messages that were tweeted out over a six-month period in the first half of 2011.

The researchers ran the messages through computer algorithms that sorted them by topic and then analyzed the underlying sentiments of the authors as they evolved over time.

The study reveals several surprises about how Twitter shapes public opinion, said Fei Xiong, a lecturer at Beijing Jiaotong University who gathered and analyzed the data with Professor Yun Liu. The new revelations may shape how political candidates run their social-media campaigns or influence the way companies market their goods and services.

What the Study Found

The researchers discovered that public opinion on Twitter often evolves rapidly and levels off quickly into an ordered state in which one opinion remains dominant.

The study also revealed that when dominant opinions emerge, they tend not to achieve complete consensus. In fact, Xiong said, when Twitter users who hold minority views are faced with overwhelming opposition, they are still not likely to change their opinions.

Small advantages of one opinion in the early stages can turn into a bigger advantage during the evolution of public opinion, Xiong said, but “once public opinion stabilizes, it’s difficult to change.”

The study also revealed that Twitter users overall are more likely to work to change the opinions of others than to admit to changes of their own.

How the Data Was Collected

The researchers downloaded tweets for this study using Twitter’s open application programming interface to get a random sampling of all data, which was then narrowed based on topic.

While the data was gathered in 2011, the researchers believe the results would still be similar if done on a new dataset today, though Xiong and Liu said the analysis might be improved by integrating new algorithms that analyze the sentiment of the messages.

Xiong envisions that political candidates and large companies may benefit from applying this work toward developing “network applications” that would move beyond simply collecting and analyzing users’ opinions and allow them to develop and test hypotheses about what really works.

“By focusing on a network application, candidates or companies can analyze the characteristics and behavior patterns of their supporters and protesters to explore whether the measures they take can influence public opinion and which opinion may succeed,” Xiong said.

For more information, see “Opinion Formation on Social Media: An Empirical Approach” by Fei Xiong and Yun Liu in Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science at http://tinyurl.com/ptbq7m4.

Source: American Institute of Physics