Systemic Risk: What It Feels Like

Tuesday, May 11 started out as an ordinary day for me. Early in the day, I was following the latest news about the lingering effects of a ransomware attack on the Colonial Energy pipeline, which had ...

Race as a Control Variable

One way to minimize proxy discrimination in multivariate pricing models is to introduce a "control variable" representing a protected class to the analysis. Birny Birnbaum explained the approach ...