After a catastrophe hits, mobile units filled with adjusters are on site with the claimants to evaluate property damage. Flash forward five years and insureds may never meet their property claim adjusters as insurers send drones to evaluate damage. In this scenario, claims are closed at breakneck speed and adjusters handle a much higher volume.

As a side benefit, insurers see fewer workers’ compensation claims as adjusters remain safely ensconced in their cubicles.

According to industry experts, this scenario is a real possibility. Insurers could be using drones in a number of ways within a few years.

Currently in the U.S., drones are used to enhance public safety, support agriculture, help the environment, monitor the climate and mitigate and monitor disasters. That’s according to the Association of Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI), an industry group that has been lobbying the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to make changes to its regulations to free up air space for unmanned vehicles and allow for greater government and commercial uses of drones.

Internationally, drones are used by several countries to assist in law enforcement and help monitor weather and disasters.

While federal regulators are still developing drone regulations, they are considering quicker approval for flights of small unmanned drones and limited applications such as for film making, utilities inspections, farming and other low-risk operations. In late September 2014, the FAA granted permission to six television and movie production companies to use the aircraft to shoot scenes on closed sets.

Grant Goldsmith, president of Overwatch, a provider of high risk insurance for international contractors that is a division of Avalon Risk Management, said he has been approached by insurers interested in using drones for claims work. He said one company representative approached him indicating an ex‑military person now employed within the claims department suggested the use of drones, after the carrier became overwhelmed with Superstorm Sandy claims.

Jason Wolf, a property defense attorney and shareholder at the Fla.-based firm of Koch Parafinczuk & Wolf, sees insurers using drones for aerial surveys of property damage to insured roofs.

“You get to see everything. You may not even need to go up on the roof. You can see every single inch of the entire property, just with the touch of a few buttons,” Wolf said.

He also expects insurers to employ drones after catastrophes.

“I envision a time when, after a catastrophe, an adjuster pulls up to a neighborhood and opens the trunk of his car and presses a few buttons on his tablet device and the drone does an immediate survey of everything and streams it all right to his tablet device, and he knows exactly where to go first and what’s most significant…within minutes. Costing very little money, the insurance company has a sense of everything that needs to be done in a very short amount of time,” Wolf said.

As far as who will operate the drones, Wolf said adjusters will likely see their skills expanded again.

“I think it raises a good point about how adjusters’ skill sets have had to change over the years…from the days when they did everything by hand to when they had to learn how to use a laptop and so on and learn how to use computer estimating programs. I would think they would have to be well‑versed in using drones. I honestly think that the technology is going to be so simple that anyone will be able to do it, maybe once you do your Xactimate class and Xactimate certification for a day, and then you spend a half‑day doing your drone adjusting certification,” the property insurance defense attorney said.

Goldsmith, on the other hand, thinks there will be separate, experienced drone operators.

“In the companies that I’ve talked to that are thinking about introducing a drone into their claims process, that idea is coming forward many times from an ex‑military person who has firsthand experience operating a drone or using a drone overseas,” Goldsmith said.

Privacy Issues

While drones could be used in a variety of claims and underwriting functions, they do raise some privacy and legal issues that haven’t yet been entirely sorted out.

But Wolf does not think privacy is an issue with insurance use of drones.

“You’re going to have the drone survey take a look at the entire house and record the video for you or allow you to look at it in real time. What’s the privacy concern there?” Wolf asked.

Goldsmith thinks the privacy issue has already been addressed within the commercial aircraft industry.

“”With small private aircraft or helicopters, it’s pretty well documented that if you’re doing something in your backyard that is still within public view of a passing‑by aircraft, you don’t have a reasonable expectation of privacy, and that’s been upheld through Supreme Court rulings for a number of years,” Goldsmith said.

An invasion of privacy could just as easily occur with an onsite visit by a field adjuster.

“If they’re looking at the exterior and they happen to peer in the window and see some sort of activity that could be construed as a privacy intrusion, I don’t know how different that is than the adjuster being there when the homeowner or the property owner is at work and whoever’s home is not answering the door,” Wolf said. “I think a lot of that is really just overblown, as long as there’s notice given and the insured knows what is going on.”

Both expect there will be a testing period for insurers to sort out issues.

“Obviously, there needs to be some sort of testing, a beta‑testing period, and you need to get buy‑in from not just the adjusters but from the C‑suite, so to speak,” Wolf said.

While property damage and bodily injury claims could occur from a drone while in use, experts said it isn’t much different than an adjuster driving to a property inspection.

“To the extent that two drones collide, I mean, I see that being no different than two cars colliding. Someone’s at fault, and there may be collateral damage,” the Florida attorney said.

Goldsmith said the risk of a collision is small.

“When you’re talking about operating something hand‑held, within line of sight, that they’re in control of on a blue‑sky‑weather day that’s not really larger than a model aircraft and it’s not going beyond their line of sight for hours and hours, they see that as very small risk,” he said.

Drone Testing

According to Goldsmith, the FAA has testing sites where a drone can be flown with FAA approval, either for development or training purposes. The drone testing sites are in Alaska, Nevada, New York, North Dakota, Texas and Virginia. Additional states where testing may occur include Hawaii, Oregon and New Jersey.

“I think, really, for the insurance industry, that the next logical step is to develop a platform of how you would want to use an unmanned system, let’s say, in claims, and then put that thesis of use to practical, operational practice in one of these FAA operations centers,” Goldsmith said.

He recommends that interested insurers make contact with an FAA testing site to flesh out best practices and weather conditions for drone usage.

“The testing sites right now are not real busy and are looking for customers,” Goldsmith said.

Insurers are reluctant to discuss whether they plan to use drones in their operations in the future.

Whether a company could operate drones for business right now is up for debate, according to Goldsmith.

“If you asked me today whether or not it is illegal or against the FAA’s rules to take an unmanned system out and shoot aerial photography of somebody’s roof or a loss adjustment below 400 feet, I don’t know that I think that’s illegal. I don’t know that I think the FAA is going to come down on you for that. I think you could do it today,” said Goldsmith. “If you’re using it for your own purposes, as a company or as a private individual, and you’re not out as a vendor essentially flying services for a fee, I don’t think you’re in violation of the FAA’s ruling that you are operating it under a service‑for‑fee agreement and so that’s not authorized. I never say ‘illegal’ because there’s technically not a law that says you can’t do it. There’s just a rule that says you shouldn’t do it.”

According to the FAA website, approval is not needed to fly a model aircraft under 400 feet, although it notes that model aircraft flights are not for business purposes.

“The bottom line is you can’t get this genie back in the bottle. There are plenty of people operating drones on a pseudo‑authorized and unauthorized basis now,” Goldsmith said.

Could drones will replace adjusters?

“Could a drone come out to an auto accident and be dispatched from a central headquarters? That’s a little bit pie‑in‑the‑sky, no pun intended. Automation has replaced a lot of human functions. I think it’s exciting to see what’s going to happen and to see this play out,” Wolf said.

Johnson is editor of Claims Journal Magazine and ClaimsJournal.com, publications of Wells Media Group.